Mind boggling card trick in Python

A Python version of the Mind boggling card trick.

Get a pack of 52 cards, half red - half black. (You might need to find those missing cards from that old pack)

In [61]:

n = 52
Black, Red = 'Black', 'Red'
blacks = [Black] * (n // 2) 
reds = [Red] * (n // 2)
pack = blacks + reds

Shuffle the pack!

Give the pack a good shuffle. (Don't drop any).

In [62]:

import random
random.shuffle(pack)

Deal those random cards

1. Assemble the cards face down.
2. Turn up the top card, if it is black then add the next card, unseen, to the black-stack. If it is red then instead add that next card, unseen, to the red-stack.
3. Add the card you turned over to see what colour it was above to the discard stack.
4. Repeat the above for the whole pack.

In [63]:

black_stack, red_stack, discard = [], [], []
while pack:
    top = pack.pop()
    print(top[0], end=' ')
    if top == Black:
        black_stack.append(pack.pop())
    else:
        red_stack.append(pack.pop())
    discard.append(top)
print()
            

R B R R B R R R B B B B B B B B R R B B B R R R R R 

There is still randomness present. The discard stack shown above seems pretty random.

Swap the same, random, number of cards between the two stacks.

We can't swap more than the number of cards in a stack.

In [64]:

max_swaps = min(len(black_stack), len(red_stack))

Randomly choose the number of cards to swap. (You could use a dice).

In [65]:

swap_count = random.randint(0, max_swaps)
print('Swapping', swap_count)

Swapping 11

Randomly choose that number of cards out of each stack to swap. (Without knowing those cards - they could be red or black cards from the stacks, we don't know)

In [66]:

def random_partition(stack, count):
    "Partition the stack into 'count' randomly selected members and the rest"
    sample = random.sample(stack, count)
    rest = stack[::]
    for card in sample:
        rest.remove(card)
    return rest, sample

black_stack, black_swap = random_partition(black_stack, swap_count)
red_stack, red_swap = random_partition(red_stack, swap_count)

Perform the swap.

In [67]:

black_stack += red_swap
red_stack += black_swap

Order from randomness?

The mathematician asserts that:

• The number of black cards in the black pile equals the number of red cards in the red pile

In [68]:

if black_stack.count(Black) == red_stack.count(Red):
    print('Yea! The mathematician is right.')
else:
    print('Woops - That mathematician (or my card manipulations) are flakey')

Yea! The mathematician is right.

Python type casts

I wanted to show examples of Python 3 types and the effect of explicitly trying to cast members of one type to another so wrote the following code. It works, but the string values of a few types, such as iter (and memoryview which I ditched), don't show the values.

Oh well, here is the code:

from fractions import Fraction
from decimal import Decimal, getcontext
getcontext().prec = 60
from itertools import product
 
casting_functions = [int, float, complex,   # Numbers
                     Fraction, Decimal,     # Numbers
                     hex, oct, bin,         # Int representations - not strictly types
                     bool,                  # Boolean/integer Number
                     iter,                  # Iterator type
                     list, tuple, range,    # Sequence types
                     str, bytes,            # Strings, byte strings
                     bytearray,             # Mutable bytes
                     set, frozenset,        # Set, hashable set
                     dict,                  # hash mapping dictionary
                    ]
 
examples_of_types = [0, 42, 
                     0.0 -0.0, 12.34, 56.0, 
                     (0+0j), (1+2j), (1+0j), (78.9+0j), (0+1.2j),
                     Fraction(0, 1), Fraction(22, 7), Fraction(4, 2), 
                     Decimal('0'),
                     Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510'),
                     Decimal('1'), Decimal('1.5'),
                     True, False,
                     iter(()), iter([1, 2, 3]), iter({'A', 'B', 'C'}), 
                     iter([[1, 2], [3, 4]]), iter((('a', 1), (2, 'b'))),
                     [], [1, 2], [[1, 2], [3, 4]],
                     (), (1, 'two', (3+0j)), (('a', 1), (2, 'b')),
                     range(0), range(3),
                     "", "A", "ABBA", "Milü",
                     b"", b"A", b"ABBA",
                     bytearray(b""), bytearray(b"A"), bytearray(b"ABBA"),
                     set(), {1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)},
                     frozenset(), frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}),
                     {}, {1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None} 
                    ]
if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('Common Python types/type casting functions:')
    print('  ' + '\n  '.join(f.__name__ for f in casting_functions))
    print('\nExamples of those types:')
    print('  ' + '\n  '.join('%-26s %r' % (type(e), e) for e in examples_of_types))
    print('\nCasts of the examples:')
    for f, e in product(casting_functions, examples_of_types):
        try:
            ans = f(e)
        except BaseException:
            ans = 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
        print('%-60s -> %r' % ('%s(%r)' % (f.__name__, e), ans))

Output:

Common Python types/type casting functions:
  int
  float
  complex
  Fraction
  Decimal
  hex
  oct
  bin
  bool
  iter
  list
  tuple
  range
  str
  bytes
  bytearray
  set
  frozenset
  dict

Examples of those types:
                0
                42
              0.0
              12.34
              56.0
            0j
            (1+2j)
            (1+0j)
            (78.9+0j)
            1.2j
   Fraction(0, 1)
   Fraction(22, 7)
   Fraction(2, 1)
    Decimal('0')
    Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')
    Decimal('1')
    Decimal('1.5')
               True
               False
     
      
       
      
     
               []
               [1, 2]
               [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
              ()
              (1, 'two', (3+0j))
              (('a', 1), (2, 'b'))
              range(0, 0)
              range(0, 3)
                ''
                'A'
                'ABBA'
                'Milü'
              b''
              b'A'
              b'ABBA'
          bytearray(b'')
          bytearray(b'A')
          bytearray(b'ABBA')
                set()
                {1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}
          frozenset()
          frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})
               {}
               {1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None}

Casts of the examples:
int(0)                                                       -> 0
int(42)                                                      -> 42
int(0.0)                                                     -> 0
int(12.34)                                                   -> 12
int(56.0)                                                    -> 56
int(0j)                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int((1+2j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int((1+0j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int((78.9+0j))                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(1.2j)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(Fraction(0, 1))                                          -> 0
int(Fraction(22, 7))                                         -> 3
int(Fraction(2, 1))                                          -> 2
int(Decimal('0'))                                            -> 0
int(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 3
int(Decimal('1'))                                            -> 1
int(Decimal('1.5'))                                          -> 1
int(True)                                                    -> 1
int(False)                                                   -> 0
int()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int()            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int()             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int()            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int([])                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int([1, 2])                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(())                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(range(0, 0))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(range(0, 3))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int('')                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int('A')                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int('ABBA')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int('Milü')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(b'')                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(b'A')                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(b'ABBA')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(bytearray(b''))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(bytearray(b'A'))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(set())                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(frozenset())                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int({})                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
int({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(0)                                                     -> 0.0
float(42)                                                    -> 42.0
float(0.0)                                                   -> 0.0
float(12.34)                                                 -> 12.34
float(56.0)                                                  -> 56.0
float(0j)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float((1+2j))                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float((1+0j))                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float((78.9+0j))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(1.2j)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(Fraction(0, 1))                                        -> 0.0
float(Fraction(22, 7))                                       -> 3.142857142857143
float(Fraction(2, 1))                                        -> 2.0
float(Decimal('0'))                                          -> 0.0
float(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 3.141592653589793
float(Decimal('1'))                                          -> 1.0
float(Decimal('1.5'))                                        -> 1.5
float(True)                                                  -> 1.0
float(False)                                                 -> 0.0
float()         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float()          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float()          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float()         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float([])                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float([1, 2])                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(())                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(range(0, 0))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(range(0, 3))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float('')                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float('A')                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float('ABBA')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float('Milü')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(b'')                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(b'A')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(b'ABBA')                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(bytearray(b''))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(bytearray(b'A'))                                       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(set())                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(frozenset())                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float({})                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
float({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(0)                                                   -> 0j
complex(42)                                                  -> (42+0j)
complex(0.0)                                                 -> 0j
complex(12.34)                                               -> (12.34+0j)
complex(56.0)                                                -> (56+0j)
complex(0j)                                                  -> 0j
complex((1+2j))                                              -> (1+2j)
complex((1+0j))                                              -> (1+0j)
complex((78.9+0j))                                           -> (78.9+0j)
complex(1.2j)                                                -> 1.2j
complex(Fraction(0, 1))                                      -> 0j
complex(Fraction(22, 7))                                     -> (3.142857142857143+0j)
complex(Fraction(2, 1))                                      -> (2+0j)
complex(Decimal('0'))                                        -> 0j
complex(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> (3.141592653589793+0j)
complex(Decimal('1'))                                        -> (1+0j)
complex(Decimal('1.5'))                                      -> (1.5+0j)
complex(True)                                                -> (1+0j)
complex(False)                                               -> 0j
complex()       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex()        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex()         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex()        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex()       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex([])                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex([1, 2])                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(())                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(range(0, 0))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(range(0, 3))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex('')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex('A')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex('ABBA')                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex('Milü')                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(b'')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(b'A')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(b'ABBA')                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(bytearray(b''))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(bytearray(b'A'))                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(set())                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(frozenset())                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex({})                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
complex({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(0)                                                  -> Fraction(0, 1)
Fraction(42)                                                 -> Fraction(42, 1)
Fraction(0.0)                                                -> Fraction(0, 1)
Fraction(12.34)                                              -> Fraction(3473401212609495, 281474976710656)
Fraction(56.0)                                               -> Fraction(56, 1)
Fraction(0j)                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction((1+2j))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction((1+0j))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction((78.9+0j))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(1.2j)                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(Fraction(0, 1))                                     -> Fraction(0, 1)
Fraction(Fraction(22, 7))                                    -> Fraction(22, 7)
Fraction(Fraction(2, 1))                                     -> Fraction(2, 1)
Fraction(Decimal('0'))                                       -> Fraction(0, 1)
Fraction(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> Fraction(31415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751, 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
Fraction(Decimal('1'))                                       -> Fraction(1, 1)
Fraction(Decimal('1.5'))                                     -> Fraction(3, 2)
Fraction(True)                                               -> Fraction(1, 1)
Fraction(False)                                              -> Fraction(0, 1)
Fraction()      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction()       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction()        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction()       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction()      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction([])                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction([1, 2])                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(())                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(range(0, 0))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(range(0, 3))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction('')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction('A')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction('ABBA')                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction('Milü')                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(b'')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(b'A')                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(b'ABBA')                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(bytearray(b''))                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(bytearray(b'A'))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(set())                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(frozenset())                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction({})                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Fraction({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(0)                                                   -> Decimal('0')
Decimal(42)                                                  -> Decimal('42')
Decimal(0.0)                                                 -> Decimal('0')
Decimal(12.34)                                               -> Decimal('12.339999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375')
Decimal(56.0)                                                -> Decimal('56')
Decimal(0j)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal((1+2j))                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal((1+0j))                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal((78.9+0j))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(1.2j)                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(Fraction(0, 1))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(Fraction(22, 7))                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(Fraction(2, 1))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(Decimal('0'))                                        -> Decimal('0')
Decimal(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')
Decimal(Decimal('1'))                                        -> Decimal('1')
Decimal(Decimal('1.5'))                                      -> Decimal('1.5')
Decimal(True)                                                -> Decimal('1')
Decimal(False)                                               -> Decimal('0')
Decimal()       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal()        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal()         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal()        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal()       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal([])                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal([1, 2])                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(())                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(range(0, 0))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(range(0, 3))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal('')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal('A')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal('ABBA')                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal('Milü')                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(b'')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(b'A')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(b'ABBA')                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(bytearray(b''))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(bytearray(b'A'))                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(set())                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(frozenset())                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal({})                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
Decimal({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(0)                                                       -> '0x0'
hex(42)                                                      -> '0x2a'
hex(0.0)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(12.34)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(56.0)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(0j)                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex((1+2j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex((1+0j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex((78.9+0j))                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(1.2j)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(Fraction(0, 1))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(Fraction(22, 7))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(Fraction(2, 1))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(Decimal('0'))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(Decimal('1'))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(Decimal('1.5'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(True)                                                    -> '0x1'
hex(False)                                                   -> '0x0'
hex()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex()            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex()             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex()            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex([])                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex([1, 2])                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(())                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(range(0, 0))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(range(0, 3))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex('')                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex('A')                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex('ABBA')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex('Milü')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(b'')                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(b'A')                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(b'ABBA')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(bytearray(b''))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(bytearray(b'A'))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(set())                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(frozenset())                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex({})                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
hex({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(0)                                                       -> '0o0'
oct(42)                                                      -> '0o52'
oct(0.0)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(12.34)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(56.0)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(0j)                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct((1+2j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct((1+0j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct((78.9+0j))                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(1.2j)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(Fraction(0, 1))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(Fraction(22, 7))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(Fraction(2, 1))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(Decimal('0'))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(Decimal('1'))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(Decimal('1.5'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(True)                                                    -> '0o1'
oct(False)                                                   -> '0o0'
oct()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct()            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct()             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct()            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct([])                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct([1, 2])                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(())                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(range(0, 0))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(range(0, 3))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct('')                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct('A')                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct('ABBA')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct('Milü')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(b'')                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(b'A')                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(b'ABBA')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(bytearray(b''))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(bytearray(b'A'))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(set())                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(frozenset())                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct({})                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
oct({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(0)                                                       -> '0b0'
bin(42)                                                      -> '0b101010'
bin(0.0)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(12.34)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(56.0)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(0j)                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin((1+2j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin((1+0j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin((78.9+0j))                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(1.2j)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(Fraction(0, 1))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(Fraction(22, 7))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(Fraction(2, 1))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(Decimal('0'))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(Decimal('1'))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(Decimal('1.5'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(True)                                                    -> '0b1'
bin(False)                                                   -> '0b0'
bin()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin()            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin()             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin()            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin([])                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin([1, 2])                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(())                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(range(0, 0))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(range(0, 3))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin('')                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin('A')                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin('ABBA')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin('Milü')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(b'')                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(b'A')                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(b'ABBA')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(bytearray(b''))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(bytearray(b'A'))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(set())                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(frozenset())                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin({})                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bin({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bool(0)                                                      -> False
bool(42)                                                     -> True
bool(0.0)                                                    -> False
bool(12.34)                                                  -> True
bool(56.0)                                                   -> True
bool(0j)                                                     -> False
bool((1+2j))                                                 -> True
bool((1+0j))                                                 -> True
bool((78.9+0j))                                              -> True
bool(1.2j)                                                   -> True
bool(Fraction(0, 1))                                         -> False
bool(Fraction(22, 7))                                        -> True
bool(Fraction(2, 1))                                         -> True
bool(Decimal('0'))                                           -> False
bool(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> True
bool(Decimal('1'))                                           -> True
bool(Decimal('1.5'))                                         -> True
bool(True)                                                   -> True
bool(False)                                                  -> False
bool()          -> True
bool()           -> True
bool()            -> True
bool()           -> True
bool()          -> True
bool([])                                                     -> False
bool([1, 2])                                                 -> True
bool([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                       -> True
bool(())                                                     -> False
bool((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                     -> True
bool((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                   -> True
bool(range(0, 0))                                            -> False
bool(range(0, 3))                                            -> True
bool('')                                                     -> False
bool('A')                                                    -> True
bool('ABBA')                                                 -> True
bool('Milü')                                                 -> True
bool(b'')                                                    -> False
bool(b'A')                                                   -> True
bool(b'ABBA')                                                -> True
bool(bytearray(b''))                                         -> False
bool(bytearray(b'A'))                                        -> True
bool(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                     -> True
bool(set())                                                  -> False
bool({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                          -> True
bool(frozenset())                                            -> False
bool(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))               -> True
bool({})                                                     -> False
bool({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})             -> True
iter(0)                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(42)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(0.0)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(12.34)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(56.0)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(0j)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter((1+2j))                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter((1+0j))                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter((78.9+0j))                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(1.2j)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(Fraction(0, 1))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(Fraction(22, 7))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(Fraction(2, 1))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(Decimal('0'))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(Decimal('1'))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(Decimal('1.5'))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(True)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter(False)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
iter()          -> 
iter()           -> 
iter()            -> 
iter()           -> 
iter()          -> 
iter([])                                                     -> 
iter([1, 2])                                                 -> 
iter([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                       -> 
iter(())                                                     -> 
iter((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                     -> 
iter((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                   -> 
iter(range(0, 0))                                            -> 
iter(range(0, 3))                                            -> 
iter('')                                                     -> 
iter('A')                                                    -> 
iter('ABBA')                                                 -> 
iter('Milü')                                                 -> 
iter(b'')                                                    -> 
iter(b'A')                                                   -> 
iter(b'ABBA')                                                -> 
iter(bytearray(b''))                                         -> 
iter(bytearray(b'A'))                                        -> 
iter(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                     -> 
iter(set())                                                  -> 
iter({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                          -> 
iter(frozenset())                                            -> 
iter(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))               -> 
iter({})                                                     -> 
iter({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})             -> 
list(0)                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(42)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(0.0)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(12.34)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(56.0)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(0j)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list((1+2j))                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list((1+0j))                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list((78.9+0j))                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(1.2j)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(Fraction(0, 1))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(Fraction(22, 7))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(Fraction(2, 1))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(Decimal('0'))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(Decimal('1'))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(Decimal('1.5'))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(True)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list(False)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
list()          -> []
list()           -> [1, 2, 3]
list()            -> ['C', 'A', 'B']
list()           -> [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
list()          -> [('a', 1), (2, 'b')]
list([])                                                     -> []
list([1, 2])                                                 -> [1, 2]
list([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                       -> [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
list(())                                                     -> []
list((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                     -> [1, 'two', (3+0j)]
list((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                   -> [('a', 1), (2, 'b')]
list(range(0, 0))                                            -> []
list(range(0, 3))                                            -> [0, 1, 2]
list('')                                                     -> []
list('A')                                                    -> ['A']
list('ABBA')                                                 -> ['A', 'B', 'B', 'A']
list('Milü')                                                 -> ['M', 'i', 'l', 'ü']
list(b'')                                                    -> []
list(b'A')                                                   -> [65]
list(b'ABBA')                                                -> [65, 66, 66, 65]
list(bytearray(b''))                                         -> []
list(bytearray(b'A'))                                        -> [65]
list(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                     -> [65, 66, 66, 65]
list(set())                                                  -> []
list({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                          -> [1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)]
list(frozenset())                                            -> []
list(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))               -> [1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)]
list({})                                                     -> []
list({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})             -> [1, 'two', ('RC', 3)]
tuple(0)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(42)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(0.0)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(12.34)                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(56.0)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(0j)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple((1+2j))                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple((1+0j))                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple((78.9+0j))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(1.2j)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(Fraction(0, 1))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(Fraction(22, 7))                                       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(Fraction(2, 1))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(Decimal('0'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(Decimal('1'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(Decimal('1.5'))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(True)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple(False)                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
tuple()         -> ()
tuple()          -> ()
tuple()           -> ()
tuple()          -> ()
tuple()         -> ()
tuple([])                                                    -> ()
tuple([1, 2])                                                -> (1, 2)
tuple([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                      -> ([1, 2], [3, 4])
tuple(())                                                    -> ()
tuple((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                    -> (1, 'two', (3+0j))
tuple((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                  -> (('a', 1), (2, 'b'))
tuple(range(0, 0))                                           -> ()
tuple(range(0, 3))                                           -> (0, 1, 2)
tuple('')                                                    -> ()
tuple('A')                                                   -> ('A',)
tuple('ABBA')                                                -> ('A', 'B', 'B', 'A')
tuple('Milü')                                                -> ('M', 'i', 'l', 'ü')
tuple(b'')                                                   -> ()
tuple(b'A')                                                  -> (65,)
tuple(b'ABBA')                                               -> (65, 66, 66, 65)
tuple(bytearray(b''))                                        -> ()
tuple(bytearray(b'A'))                                       -> (65,)
tuple(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                    -> (65, 66, 66, 65)
tuple(set())                                                 -> ()
tuple({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                         -> (1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6))
tuple(frozenset())                                           -> ()
tuple(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))              -> (1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6))
tuple({})                                                    -> ()
tuple({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})            -> (1, 'two', ('RC', 3))
range(0)                                                     -> range(0, 0)
range(42)                                                    -> range(0, 42)
range(0.0)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(12.34)                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(56.0)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(0j)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range((1+2j))                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range((1+0j))                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range((78.9+0j))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(1.2j)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(Fraction(0, 1))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(Fraction(22, 7))                                       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(Fraction(2, 1))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(Decimal('0'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(Decimal('1'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(Decimal('1.5'))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(True)                                                  -> range(0, True)
range(False)                                                 -> range(0, False)
range()         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range()          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range()           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range()          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range()         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range([])                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range([1, 2])                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(())                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(range(0, 0))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(range(0, 3))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range('')                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range('A')                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range('ABBA')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range('Milü')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(b'')                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(b'A')                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(b'ABBA')                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(bytearray(b''))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(bytearray(b'A'))                                       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(set())                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(frozenset())                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range({})                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
range({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
str(0)                                                       -> '0'
str(42)                                                      -> '42'
str(0.0)                                                     -> '0.0'
str(12.34)                                                   -> '12.34'
str(56.0)                                                    -> '56.0'
str(0j)                                                      -> '0j'
str((1+2j))                                                  -> '(1+2j)'
str((1+0j))                                                  -> '(1+0j)'
str((78.9+0j))                                               -> '(78.9+0j)'
str(1.2j)                                                    -> '1.2j'
str(Fraction(0, 1))                                          -> '0'
str(Fraction(22, 7))                                         -> '22/7'
str(Fraction(2, 1))                                          -> '2'
str(Decimal('0'))                                            -> '0'
str(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> '3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510'
str(Decimal('1'))                                            -> '1'
str(Decimal('1.5'))                                          -> '1.5'
str(True)                                                    -> 'True'
str(False)                                                   -> 'False'
str()           -> ''
str()            -> ''
str()             -> ''
str()            -> ''
str()           -> ''
str([])                                                      -> '[]'
str([1, 2])                                                  -> '[1, 2]'
str([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                        -> '[[1, 2], [3, 4]]'
str(())                                                      -> '()'
str((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                      -> "(1, 'two', (3+0j))"
str((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                    -> "(('a', 1), (2, 'b'))"
str(range(0, 0))                                             -> 'range(0, 0)'
str(range(0, 3))                                             -> 'range(0, 3)'
str('')                                                      -> ''
str('A')                                                     -> 'A'
str('ABBA')                                                  -> 'ABBA'
str('Milü')                                                  -> 'Milü'
str(b'')                                                     -> "b''"
str(b'A')                                                    -> "b'A'"
str(b'ABBA')                                                 -> "b'ABBA'"
str(bytearray(b''))                                          -> "bytearray(b'')"
str(bytearray(b'A'))                                         -> "bytearray(b'A')"
str(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                      -> "bytearray(b'ABBA')"
str(set())                                                   -> 'set()'
str({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                           -> "{1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}"
str(frozenset())                                             -> 'frozenset()'
str(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))                -> "frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})"
str({})                                                      -> '{}'
str({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})              -> "{1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None}"
bytes(0)                                                     -> b''
bytes(42)                                                    -> b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
bytes(0.0)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(12.34)                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(56.0)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(0j)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes((1+2j))                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes((1+0j))                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes((78.9+0j))                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(1.2j)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(Fraction(0, 1))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(Fraction(22, 7))                                       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(Fraction(2, 1))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(Decimal('0'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(Decimal('1'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(Decimal('1.5'))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(True)                                                  -> b'\x00'
bytes(False)                                                 -> b''
bytes()         -> b''
bytes()          -> b''
bytes()           -> b''
bytes()          -> b''
bytes()         -> b''
bytes([])                                                    -> b''
bytes([1, 2])                                                -> b'\x01\x02'
bytes([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(())                                                    -> b''
bytes((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(range(0, 0))                                           -> b''
bytes(range(0, 3))                                           -> b'\x00\x01\x02'
bytes('')                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes('A')                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes('ABBA')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes('Milü')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(b'')                                                   -> b''
bytes(b'A')                                                  -> b'A'
bytes(b'ABBA')                                               -> b'ABBA'
bytes(bytearray(b''))                                        -> b''
bytes(bytearray(b'A'))                                       -> b'A'
bytes(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                    -> b'ABBA'
bytes(set())                                                 -> b''
bytes({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes(frozenset())                                           -> b''
bytes(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytes({})                                                    -> b''
bytes({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(0)                                                 -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray(42)                                                -> bytearray(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
bytearray(0.0)                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(12.34)                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(56.0)                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(0j)                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray((1+2j))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray((1+0j))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray((78.9+0j))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(1.2j)                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(Fraction(0, 1))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(Fraction(22, 7))                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(Fraction(2, 1))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(Decimal('0'))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(Decimal('1'))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(Decimal('1.5'))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(True)                                              -> bytearray(b'\x00')
bytearray(False)                                             -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray()     -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray()      -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray()       -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray()      -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray()     -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray([])                                                -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray([1, 2])                                            -> bytearray(b'\x01\x02')
bytearray([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(())                                                -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(range(0, 0))                                       -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray(range(0, 3))                                       -> bytearray(b'\x00\x01\x02')
bytearray('')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray('A')                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray('ABBA')                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray('Milü')                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(b'')                                               -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray(b'A')                                              -> bytearray(b'A')
bytearray(b'ABBA')                                           -> bytearray(b'ABBA')
bytearray(bytearray(b''))                                    -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray(bytearray(b'A'))                                   -> bytearray(b'A')
bytearray(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                -> bytearray(b'ABBA')
bytearray(set())                                             -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray(frozenset())                                       -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
bytearray({})                                                -> bytearray(b'')
bytearray({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(0)                                                       -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(42)                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(0.0)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(12.34)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(56.0)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(0j)                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set((1+2j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set((1+0j))                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set((78.9+0j))                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(1.2j)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(Fraction(0, 1))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(Fraction(22, 7))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(Fraction(2, 1))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(Decimal('0'))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(Decimal('1'))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(Decimal('1.5'))                                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(True)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(False)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set()           -> set()
set()            -> set()
set()             -> set()
set()            -> set()
set()           -> set()
set([])                                                      -> set()
set([1, 2])                                                  -> {1, 2}
set([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
set(())                                                      -> set()
set((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                      -> {1, 'two', (3+0j)}
set((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                    -> {(2, 'b'), ('a', 1)}
set(range(0, 0))                                             -> set()
set(range(0, 3))                                             -> {0, 1, 2}
set('')                                                      -> set()
set('A')                                                     -> {'A'}
set('ABBA')                                                  -> {'A', 'B'}
set('Milü')                                                  -> {'M', 'i', 'ü', 'l'}
set(b'')                                                     -> set()
set(b'A')                                                    -> {65}
set(b'ABBA')                                                 -> {65, 66}
set(bytearray(b''))                                          -> set()
set(bytearray(b'A'))                                         -> {65}
set(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                      -> {65, 66}
set(set())                                                   -> set()
set({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                           -> {1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}
set(frozenset())                                             -> set()
set(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))                -> {1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}
set({})                                                      -> set()
set({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})              -> {1, 'two', ('RC', 3)}
frozenset(0)                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(42)                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(0.0)                                               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(12.34)                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(56.0)                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(0j)                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset((1+2j))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset((1+0j))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset((78.9+0j))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(1.2j)                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(Fraction(0, 1))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(Fraction(22, 7))                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(Fraction(2, 1))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(Decimal('0'))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(Decimal('1'))                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(Decimal('1.5'))                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(True)                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(False)                                             -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset()     -> frozenset()
frozenset()      -> frozenset()
frozenset()       -> frozenset()
frozenset()      -> frozenset()
frozenset()     -> frozenset()
frozenset([])                                                -> frozenset()
frozenset([1, 2])                                            -> frozenset({1, 2})
frozenset([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
frozenset(())                                                -> frozenset()
frozenset((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                -> frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j)})
frozenset((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                              -> frozenset({(2, 'b'), ('a', 1)})
frozenset(range(0, 0))                                       -> frozenset()
frozenset(range(0, 3))                                       -> frozenset({0, 1, 2})
frozenset('')                                                -> frozenset()
frozenset('A')                                               -> frozenset({'A'})
frozenset('ABBA')                                            -> frozenset({'A', 'B'})
frozenset('Milü')                                            -> frozenset({'M', 'i', 'ü', 'l'})
frozenset(b'')                                               -> frozenset()
frozenset(b'A')                                              -> frozenset({65})
frozenset(b'ABBA')                                           -> frozenset({65, 66})
frozenset(bytearray(b''))                                    -> frozenset()
frozenset(bytearray(b'A'))                                   -> frozenset({65})
frozenset(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                -> frozenset({65, 66})
frozenset(set())                                             -> frozenset()
frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                     -> frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})
frozenset(frozenset())                                       -> frozenset()
frozenset(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))          -> frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})
frozenset({})                                                -> frozenset()
frozenset({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})        -> frozenset({1, 'two', ('RC', 3)})
dict(0)                                                      -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(42)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(0.0)                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(12.34)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(56.0)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(0j)                                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict((1+2j))                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict((1+0j))                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict((78.9+0j))                                              -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(1.2j)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(Fraction(0, 1))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(Fraction(22, 7))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(Fraction(2, 1))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(Decimal('0'))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(Decimal('3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510')) -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(Decimal('1'))                                           -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(Decimal('1.5'))                                         -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(True)                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(False)                                                  -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict()          -> {}
dict()           -> {}
dict()            -> {}
dict()           -> {}
dict()          -> {}
dict([])                                                     -> {}
dict([1, 2])                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict([[1, 2], [3, 4]])                                       -> {1: 2, 3: 4}
dict(())                                                     -> {}
dict((1, 'two', (3+0j)))                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict((('a', 1), (2, 'b')))                                   -> {'a': 1, 2: 'b'}
dict(range(0, 0))                                            -> {}
dict(range(0, 3))                                            -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict('')                                                     -> {}
dict('A')                                                    -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict('ABBA')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict('Milü')                                                 -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(b'')                                                    -> {}
dict(b'A')                                                   -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(b'ABBA')                                                -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(bytearray(b''))                                         -> {}
dict(bytearray(b'A'))                                        -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(bytearray(b'ABBA'))                                     -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(set())                                                  -> {}
dict({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)})                          -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict(frozenset())                                            -> {}
dict(frozenset({1, 'two', (3+0j), (4, 5, 6)}))               -> 'EXCEPTION RAISED!'
dict({})                                                     -> {}
dict({1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None})             -> {1: 'one', 'two': (2+3j), ('RC', 3): None}